So, space is somewhere where I have expertise, and the evidence for the space program doing that is pretty limited. I think there's a slightly better argument that the space program helped support microelectronics/computing, but even that is just a narrative without great evidence.
The main point about space and electronics that I’ve heard is that NASA was buying most of the production of early ICs… when I started in the very esrly 80s commercial computing and the military were big, PCs were just getting started
Heinlein wrote an article back in, IIRC, the late '70 or early '80s, titled "Spinoff", about various useful technologies that were developed by NASA putting men into space. Most of them, of course (given his health at the time), were centered around medical advances.