|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Her award winning documentary Unrest is now available free to view on YouTube as well ( www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLQN... ). 2/2
0 replies 1 reposts 6 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social |
1958 followers 88 following 849 posts
PhD Biomedical researcher, data scientist, and finder of large prime numbers. Views are my own. Twitter: @jeffgilchrist Mastadon: @jeffgilchrist@mstdn.science
COVID-19 guides, stats, calculators & 600+ scientific articles: covid.gilchrist.ca
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Her award winning documentary Unrest is now available free to view on YouTube as well ( www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLQN... ). 2/2
0 replies 1 reposts 6 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Do you want to know what can happen to people after a viral infection? Watch Jennifer Brea's TED talk to find out what happens when you have a disease doctors can't diagnose ( www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fb3y... ). #MECFS #LongCovid 🧵1/2
2 replies 3 reposts 16 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Another amazing image from @DaniBeckman@X.com showing COVID-19 infected cells arriving in the brain which indicates neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. Learn more about why we should care about a virus with a "99.8% survival rate" here ( docs.google.com/document/d/1... ).
0 replies 2 reposts 18 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
No wonder wearing my respirator when I cut the grass makes so much of a difference for my allergies. Look at how much PM2.5 gets thrown into the air when the mower chops up grass into little pieces. Respirators have so many uses that I'm grateful better designs are available now.
0 replies 3 reposts 25 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Depending on what is allowed we might see different options this fall and people will need to decide which formula might work best for them.
0 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
If JN.1 is the official fall booster allowed by regulators they don't need any more work just ramp up production. The mRNA companies haven't announced the details of their fall vaccines since the US regulatory meeting hasn't taken place yet so we don't know at this point.
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Novavax used to provide results for people with mixed mRNA and Novavax but lately their data seems to be mostly mouse or macaque studies
0 replies 0 reposts 2 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
3 dose initial vaccination of XBB.1.5 which most people won't have and then two JN.1 boosters 4 months apart which nobody will even have access to in the fall.
1 replies 0 reposts 2 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
COVID has not stopped mutating and has been continually evolving to evade immunity generated by previous variants. It may be better to look at where the virus is going and not what it did almost a year ago. 30/
1 replies 1 reposts 6 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
There are also LB.1.* and JN.1.50 variants that are growing quickly that we should keep our eyes on. 29/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
KP.3 is currently the most prevalent variant here in Canada and growing quickly in many other countries like Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and the UK. Visualization by Mike Honey. 28/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
One of the variants that was not tested by Novavax is the even more immune evasive KP.3 variant which has an important Q493E mutation ( threadreaderapp.com/thread/17883... ). 27/
2 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
It will be interesting to see if VRBPAC recommends something newer and more specific than JN.1 and if Novavax will be required to change the content of their fall 2024 vaccine. 26/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Shortly after, the US VRBPAC meeting to choose a COVID variant for their fall booster program was postponed until June, many thinking this was to provide more time better understand the impact of these new mutations. 25/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
The WHO announced their recommendation for the fall 2024 COVID variant to be something in the JN.1 lineage with a special note about taking into account certain mutations like FLiRT which were rapidly increasing globally. 24/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
It is also important to note that antibody neutralization is just one aspect of the immune system and does not provide the entire picture of how well someone will do when exposed to a virus. 23/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
You can read more about immune imprinting here ( www.cell.com/immunity/ful... ) and ( www.cell.com/immunity/abs... ) and ( www.nature.com/articles/s41... ). 22/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
That means the new antibodies are not as good of a match as they would have been if they were designed solely for the new variant and neutralization levels are thus lower. 21/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Our immune systems when exposed to newer variants seems to continue using the original (or first exposure) as a baseline and will create antibodies that cross-react with the original and the new variant (parts that are still common between the two). 20/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Even 3x original and 1x XBB.1.5 and 1x JN.1 vaccine are all reasonable combinations for people to have received. 19/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
It would be much more helpful to see what the neutralization levels were using a combination of vaccines that the general population actually had access to like if they took last year's results of 2x original and 1x XBB.1.5 and then added 1x JN.1 vaccine dose. 18/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Neutralization levels are much lower with newer variants than the original variant and these macaques needed two JN.1 doses to get significantly higher neutralization than with just 1 dose. 17/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
1,448 = XBB.1.5 [2x original + 1x XBB.1.5] 182 = KP.2 [3x XBB.1.5 + 1x JN.1] 128 = JN.1 [3x XBB.1.5 + 1x JN.1] 16/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
pVN50 Neutralization Levels 16,384 = Original Variant [2x original + 1x XBB.1.5] 5,132 = JN.1 [3x XBB.1.5 + 2x JN.1] 2,660 = KP.2 [3x XBB.1.5 + 2x JN.1] 1,448 = BA.5 [2x original + 1x XBB.1.5] 15/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
How do the neutralization levels in macaques compare to last year's XBB.1.5 booster and to the original COVID variant ( www.nature.com/articles/s41... )? 14/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
I have created my own graph to make it easier to see and understand the timeline of which vaccine doses and when. The third XBB.1.5 dose was after 6.3 months and the first JN.1 dose was only a month later, and the second JN.1 dose almost 4 months after the first JN.1. 13/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
There was a 111 day (almost 4 month) time between the macaques getting their first JN.1 dose and them measuring neutralization levels for the first graph, and then 14 days (2 weeks) later measuring neutralization levels again after the second JN.1 dose. 12/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
The wording they used in the slide titles are a little confusing. More accurately it should say, "Pre 2nd JN.1 Boost (D357)" and "Post 2nd JN.1 Boost (D371)". 11/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Also note the macaques had a JN.1 dose on day 246 so the "Pre Boost" results are actually what you get 3.7 months after just one (1) JN.1 dose and the "Post Boost" results are the neutralization levels after the second JN.1 vaccine dose. 10/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Also it is important to understand the vaccine history of these macaques and you can see they already had three (3) XBB.1.5 vaccine doses on day 1, 21, and 211 while most humans have only received one XBB.1.5 vaccine dose or possibly just getting their 2nd now. 9/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Third, you need to look at the fine print at the bottom of the slide highlighted in yellow. There is a typo in the fine print and JB.1 should actually be JN.1. 8/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Second, the graph is in log scale so I created a linear one easier to see. The neutralization increase was actually 2.7x lower for KP.2 than JN.1 after the second JN.1 dose and the absolute neutralization of KP.2 was almost half that of JN.1. 7/
2 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
There are several things that people need to understand about this graph and results. First, these are not results for humans but non-human primate Macaques so may be different in humans. 6/
1 replies 0 reposts 2 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
The graph shows pseudovirus neutralization pre-boost on day 357 for JN.1 around 128 pVN50 and KP.2 at 181 pVN50. Then post-boost on Day 371 for JN.1 of around 5,132 pVN50 and KP.2 around 2,660 pVN50. 5/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Lets look more closely at the neutralization results that Novavax did provide in slide 14 of their investor presentation on May 10th ( novavax.widen.net/s/gvwfqkhbhm... ). 4/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Recall that the JN.1 variant became dominant in many parts of the world in December 2023 so by the time the fall 2024 vaccine program rolls out it will be almost a year old. 3/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
The one page easier to share version of this thread can be found at ( threadreaderapp.com/thread/17932... ). 2/
1 replies 0 reposts 3 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Novavax JN.1 Vaccine Neutralization
Novavax revealed they had selected the original JN.1 variant as their fall booster and recently released neutralization results on non-human primates (Macaques) including a more recent KP.2 FLiRT variant. 🧪🧵1/
#Novavax #COVID #COVID19vaccine #vaccine
1 replies 1 reposts 5 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Indoor Air Quality: Wildfire Smoke & Cooking With wildfire smoke season here, we all need to think about air quality inside where we spend most of our time. This thread provides multiple examples measuring the air quality inside my home from wildfire smoke and cooking.🧪🧵1/
1 replies 6 reposts 17 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
* Electric Stove & Oven - Ground Beef * Electric Stove - Onions & Mushrooms * Birthday Candles - Air Quality Sensors * Model X (PM+Outdoors) * Model G (PM or PM+CO2) * Model E (PM+CO2+VOC) * Model C (CO2) 4/
0 replies 1 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Table of Contents - Particulate Matter (PM) Pollution - Wildfire Smoke Measurements * PM2.5 18 ug/m³ Outdoor Event * PM2.5 52 ug/m³ Outdoor Event - Cooking Pollution Measurements * Electric Oven - Meatloaf boilover * Electric Stove - Frying Crepes 3/
1 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
The web version of this article with nice table of contents and easy to share with others can be found here ( tinyurl.com/AirQualityPo... ) or ( docs.google.com/document/d/1... ). 2/2
2 replies 2 reposts 5 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Indoor Air Quality: Wildfire Smoke & Cooking With wildfire smoke season here, we all need to think about air quality inside where we spend most of our time. This thread provides multiple examples measuring the air quality inside my home from wildfire smoke and cooking.🧪🧵1/
1 replies 6 reposts 17 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
#Variant update for #Ontario, #Canada (to May 12, 2024)
The JN.1.* +FLiRT variants now make up 27% of sequences and XDK.* which is recombinant of JN.1.1.1 and XBB.1.16.11 is remaining at 5% for now. Graph tools by Mike Honey. 🧪🧵1/
1 replies 7 reposts 11 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
"Ontario will need 33,200 more nurses and 50,853 more personal support workers by 2032, the government projects" and "The projections of nurses and PSWs the province will need — above and beyond those currently being educated through the system..."
0 replies 1 reposts 3 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
To learn how to see what variants are circulating in your area, please read this guide ( bsky.app/profile/jeff... ). 14/
0 replies 0 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
To learn how to create a Sankey diagram of variants circulating in your area, please read this guide ( bsky.app/profile/jeff... ). 13/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
You can find weekly Ontario stats including variants at ( covid.gilchrist.ca/Ontario.html ) and ( gilchrist.great-site.net/jeff/COVID-1... ).
The visualization tool for variants was created by Mike Honey ( app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrI... ). 12/
1 replies 0 reposts 0 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
The % positivity in Ontario from viral tests ( www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-... ):
8.1% = Entero/Rhinovirus
7.3% = COVID-19
5.9% = Parainfluenza
5.3% = Seasonal Human Coronavirus
4.6% = Human metapneumovirus
2.9% = Influenza
0.9% = Adenovirus
0.4% = RSV
11/
1 replies 1 reposts 1 likes
|
|
Jeff Gilchrist
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social
[ View ] |
Despite many hospitals declaring the end of the respiratory virus season in Ontario and relaxing or removing mask requirements already, there is still a lot of viral activity going on and COVID rising again. 10/
1 replies 0 reposts 2 likes