What do you mean by codified abortion rights into law? It was already the law. Roe v. Wade protected abortion rights. You don’t need to codify something that’s all already in the constitution.
Courts can and do overturn their own precedents. The risk of that happening was why every Dem Senator grilled SCOTUS nominees about their stance on Roe and used this to raise funds and GOTV at election time.
Codified means an act of Congress that states it unambiguously.
No, R v Wade simply stated that the right to privacy implied in the 14th gave a right to abortion. It didn't directly spell out that abortion was a right. Could have made abortion an absolute right barring states from restricting or regulating it.