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New Amauta@newamauta.bsky.social |
332 followers 81 following 295 posts
Follow for posts on Indigenous History, Politics, and Philosophy
North and Latin America. Beyond borders.
Quechua-Aymara
Linkin.bio/newamauta
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Remember that Native nations don't conform to US colonial borders. The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) are split between NY and Canada. The Tohono O'odham and Yaqui are split between Arizona and Mexico. To be Indigenous predates and is beyond the 4th of July
3 replies 41 reposts 151 likes
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Want to learn more about yanantin, Andean duality, and the non-binary identity of qhariwarmi (2-spirit)? Sign-up for my Incan-Andean philosophy classes where we queer Andean history. And share it so others can find these classes (linkin.bio/newamauta) ³/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Warmi Puncha, as it is celebrated today, began around the 90s. However, elders like Mercedes Chico from Turuko state that it used to be only Native men dressed as women (warmi tukuska) who came out to dance. Thus, Warmi Puncha celebrates Andean femininity as a whole in (non-)binary terms ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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For this Indigenous community, today is Women’s Day. In Cotacachi, Ecuador, July 1st is Warmi Puncha and it’s a day to celebrate Kichwa women with dance, song, and parades. Part of the Andean concept of yanantin (parity), its backstory goes even deeper. ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Incanism was very influential. Tupac Amaru II, leader of the 1780 Native uprising in Peru, was inspired by Garcilaso’s book to start his rebellion. It was then banned by the Spanish. Incanism even inspired Μаrxism in Peru, Bolivia, & Ecuador. Sign up for my classes for more (linkin.bio/newamauta) ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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A major text in Andean philosophy is the Royal Commentaries of the Incas (1609). Written by El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, it creates the philosophy of Incanism (incaísmo), that the Incas created a utopian, communal, society that can serve as a model. Essentially, Incan philosophy can live on now ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Le Pen would be bad for African nations like Senegal or Mali whose currency is the CFA Franc, which is controlled by France’s central Bank. And the repression against Natives in New Caledonia would grow worse under. Native leader Christian Tein (Kanak) was even arrested and is detained in France ³/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Polls show that Le Pen’s National Rally party wins 1st in the National Assembly, with the leftist New Popular Front 2nd and Marcon in 3rd. Le Pen’s win was paved by Macron who raised the pension age & moved far-right on immigration which Le Pen called “an ideological win”. Now she can go further ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Marine Le Pen’s far-right party is set to win 1st place in France’s elections! Macron shouldn't be let off the hook since his policies against migrants and Natives paved the way for her victory
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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I teach 2 classes on Incan-Andean Philosophy! Where you can learn more about Indigenous Harmonious Materialism and Complementary Duality (Yanantin)
Follow the link to sign-up and support independent Indigenous educators (linkin.bio/newamauta) ⁴/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Indianismo's Harmonious Materialism reaction to opposites is not antagonism, but complementary duality (Yanantim in Quechua) where opposties work together using each other's difference. This model diffuses conflict to create a harmonious ideal. If all beings are sacred we must learn to cooperate ³/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Indianismo wanted to separate from 2 philosophies: Marxism (dialectical materialism) & Christianity (idealism). The 1st is a despiritualized material world, where all contradiction is resolved by antagonistic conflict. The 2nd sees the material as false, and the sacred is outside it. Ex. Heaven ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Andean Philosophy: What is Harmonious Materialism? As part of the philosophy of Indianismo in Bolivia and Peru, these Indigenous philosophers studied their own nations' relationship to nature. Thus, Harmonious Materialism is the idea that all beings are pieces of one unified community: the cosmos ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Whether started more for personal or ideological reasons, it's clear the coup in Bolivia failed. But opponents to Bolivia’s plurinational project continue to destabilize the country, from the far-right agitators in the Santa Cruz region to neoliberals in support of the 2019 coup. 7/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Bolivian far-right has framed this as a “self-coup” (autogolpe), that Arce fabricated this coup for personal gain. This is problematic. It tries to delegitimize the Arce gov’t, which paves the way for more wannabe coups, and it whitewashes the far-right history of coups, like 2019 or 1971. 6/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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So, what motivated the coup? (1) Zuñiga, who was the top military chief, was discharged from military the day before the coup & (2) Zuñiga called on the far-right to rally support, which is why he called to free ex-president Añez and Fernando Camacho, leaders of the 2019 coup against Evo. ⁵/
1 replies 1 reposts 6 likes
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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But, the national police remained loyal to Arce and arrested Zuñiga. Social movements and the people organized in La Paz’s Murrillo Plaza, supporting Arce for surviving this coup. Arce said in response “We deplore the acts of bad soldiers… the Bolivian people have also been a democratic people. 4/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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President Arce called on social movements and the people to denounce the coup and organize against it. which he refused. The Worker’s Central of Bolivia (COB) called to blockade the coup “indefinitely” and even his staunch rival Evo Morales has considered this coup on his X/Twitter Account. 3/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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General Juan José Zuñiga attempted to coup Ieftist president Luis Arce, taking Murillo Plaza and barrelling down the presidential palace’s door with a tank. Zuñiga called to “restore democracy” & “free all political prisoners” referring to the fаr-right leaders Jeanine Añez and Fernando Camacho ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Bolivian people just defeated a far-right couр attempt! So, what happened in Bolivia? 🧵 ¹/
1 replies 28 reposts 73 likes
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Shasta chairman Janice Crowe has said “Today is a turning point in the history of the Shsta people” and Vice-Chairman Candice Difuntorum said “The dam removal has exposed 35 mi of river that hasn’t seen the light of day for over 100 years, and we look forward to restoring the river, our lands” 3/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The gov’t of California is paying to return 2800 acres to the Shasta Indian nation as part of the Klamath River dam removal project, an ecological project which revives a 300 mile salmon habitat! The Shasta’s land was stolen in the 1848 Gold Rush & 1911 by imminent domain for the Copco No 1 Dam. ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Indigenous Shasta Nation won back 2800 acres of their land back, the largest in California history! And, California is paying for it! ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The land reform was tried before in 1963 and 1964. But, they were either minimal or never enacted. In contrast, General Velasco returned 8.6 million hectares (21,000,000 acres) to Natives. But, after Velasco’s overthrow in 1975, the sеttIer landowners would be return as multinational corporations ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Land Back happened in Latin America, too. On July 24, 1969, general and leftist Juan Velasco Alvarado instituted Peru’s national land reform and abolished the landholding class that stole Native land over the past 400 years. This was a demand of Indigenous leaders like Saturnino Huillca (Quechua) ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Before Inti Raymi ends, I hope folks help to share my Incan-Andean philosophy classes. As an independent Quechua-Aymara educator, I need your support to create material so we in the diaspora can learn about our Indigenous traditions, even on a holiday like today. Sign-up now: linkin.bio/newamauta
1 replies 10 reposts 12 likes
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Inti Raymi was revived by Faustino Espinoza Navarro on June 24, 1944. Not only did he act and write the original script in Quechua, he later co-founded the High Academy of the Quechua Language (AMLQ). Then “Ley 21860”, passed in 1977, recognized Inti Raymi as an official holiday every June 24. ³/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Inti Raymi was one of the most important holidays. The Sapa Inka would drink chicha in honor of Inti, with the nobility and military participating in the procession. Since Peru is in the Southern hemisphere Winter starts on June 21, but for 3 days the sun stays in the same place, until June 24. ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Today is Inti Raymi, the New Year of the Inkas! It was founded by Pachakuteq, Sapa Inka or ruler, c.1438 following the war with the Chanka Confederation which almost saw the end of the Inkan kingdom in Cusco. Inti Raymi is a celebration to the Sun god, Inti, on the Winter Solstice ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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"The birth of Indigenous spirit was a parable of religious emotion towards the infinite. The parable subsists until now as the indissoluble tie of humanity to the land. The rule of the Apus, or the tie to the land has not disappeared from our whole spirit nor our Andean villages"–José Uriel García
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Inti Raymi revival needed actors and Faustino Espinoza would be its 1st Inca. He and the gov’t organized the performance in the ruins of Sacsayhuamán for June 24, 1944, with success. Inti Raymi was then celebrated every year since 1944. Sign up for my Andean classes (linkin.bio/newamauta) ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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This Indigenous man revived Inti Raymi in Cusco. Faustino Espinoza Navarro (Quechua) was a playwright and linguist from Huaro, Peru. In 1943, Espinoza and a research team studied chronicles, anthropology, and oral history, and succeeded in reconstructing the Inti Raymi festival after 409 yrs. ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The land in Fort Wayne, Indiana, was bought in 2021 as a Cultural Resource Office for the Tribe. But it was only on June 11, 2024 that the land gained trust status, or tribal sovereignty. The Miami Tribe was removed from Indiana to Kansas in 1846 by US settlers and then to Oklahoma in the 1870s ²/
1 replies 2 reposts 6 likes
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma just took back 45 acres of its land! The land called Peehkahkionki hasn’t been controlled by the tribe since 1846! ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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In Bolivia, Indigenous students in orgs such as MUJA (Julian Apaza University Movement) began reviving Aymara traditions in the early 80s. They were part of the movements of Katarismo and Indianismo and saw the celebration at Tiwanaku of Andean new years as a step to Indigenous Iibеrаtion. ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Today is Andean New Year! Also known as Willka Kuti/Machaq Mara (Aymara) and Inti Raymi (Quechua), Indigenous people from 6 countries (Peru🇵🇪, Bolivia🇧🇴, Ecuador🇪🇨, Colombia🇨🇴, Argentina🇦🇷, & Chile🇨🇱) celebrate b/c today's the start of Winter in the southern hemisphere. And it has a history of struggle ¹/
1 replies 9 reposts 21 likes
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Incan state’s central pIanning and redistribution was so effective that it’s said they had no hunger nor homelessness. They ensured the wellbeing of 10-12 million Indigenous people when Spain’s population was only 6.5 million in 1500. To learn more sign up for my classes: linkin.bio/newamauta ³/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Indigenista philosophers like Tristan Marof saw the Inkan moral code “Ama Suwa, Ama Llulla, Ama Qhella” (Don’t steal, lie, or be lazy) as key to SοciaIism’s prosperity during the Incas. Marof in Bolivia & José Carlos Mariátegui in Peru even believed it’s possible to rebuild that model today. ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Do Indigenous philosophy and Socialism mix? Many who say yes look to the Incas and their economics. The ayllu (community) owned everything communally and the Incan state provided everyone a plot of land called a “tupu” and provided the community food, clothes, & tools after natural disasters. ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The Black Seminoles went to El Nacimiento, Mexico in 1852 and found freedom. But they still interacted with Black Seminoles in Texas who brought them Juneteenth in the 1870s. To celebrate Juneteenth, Black Seminoles in Mexico had to survive slavery, the Trail of Tears, and the US-Mexico Border ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Juneteenth has Indigenous history. When Black people escaped slavery in Florida many joined the Seminole tribe, becoming Black Seminoles or Mascogos in Spanish. Why Spanish? Because many Black Seminoles migrated to Mexico, where slavery was already abolished ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Being Indigenous is knowing we're only an asterisk in most people's politics, but our land is central
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Only 2 options: wiccan or girlboss. Which way Nancy?
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Cholo is a term to re-indigenize. Avilés states the drop of the Native population from 60% to 30% is a form of de-indigenization. But to be cholo is an affirmation of one’s Urban Native lived experience to reverse this drop. Learn more in my Inkan-Andean Philosophy Classes (linkin.bio/newamauta) ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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The word “cholo” refers to one way of being Indigenous. While associated with Chicanos in the southwest, Andean countries (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador) use it too. Quechua scholar Marco Avilés describes how in Peru, cholo refers to racially mixed Natives & urban Natives, but as a radical affirmation ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Mariátegui believed the myth of sοciaIism would inspire Natives in Peru to understand their oppression and (re-)grow their communal societies, creating a new model of Indigenous socialism. To learn more about Mariátegui, sign up for my class Intro to Incan-Andean philosophy (linkin.bio/newamauta) ³/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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In 1915, Natives follow General Rumi Maqui in an uprising in Peru. They believe they’re reconstructing the Inkan Empire. Mariátegui wrote articles about it seeing how the myth of a new Inkan Empire, one where no one is poor, everyone has land, and Natives govern, inspired decolonial politics ²/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Did Indigenous philosophy overcome the reason/emotion divide? Yes! In the Andes, Indigenista philosopher José Carlos Mariátegui believed this could be done with the myth, that stories could help us experience the importance of social and economic reality. They can even be decolonial ¹/
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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Happy Father's days to the Indigenous dads who immigrate to provide for their family at home, whose children are stolen at the border like in the colonial era, the ones who try to pass their Native language, to the ones who are shamed for it, to the constructors, cooks, deliveristas, and more
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New Amauta
@newamauta.bsky.social
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This is such a weird tweet. No one is advocating for balkanizing the US and it's a commonly used talking point to say 'land back' wants balkanization and "гасe wаг". Indigenous people do want autonomy but land back, too, to recognize their treaties and land
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